A Retrospective Study of Intestinal Parasite among Patients in the Ho Teaching Hospital, Ghana

Aim:To assess the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among patients who visit the Ho Teaching Hospital for stool examination from 2012 to 2016.Study Design:Retrospective study. Place and Durationof Study:Ho Teaching Hospital, August 2017 to January 2018.Methodology:The hospital’s laboratory records were reviewed. Patients’ data were recorded using a well-designed data collection tool. Data was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0.Results:A total of 7045 patients visited the Ho Teaching Hospital laboratory for routine stool examination within the five-year period. From the 7045 patients, 703 of them were infected with at least one of the intestinal parasites. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infection for the five-year period was 10.0%. Intestinal flagellates (90.0%) were the most predominant intestinal parasites, and Entamoeba histolyticarecorded 5.7%. Hookworm (0.9%) was the most prevailing soil-transmitted helminth. Ascaris lumbricoides(0.1%) and Schistosoma mansoni(0.1%) were the least recorded parasites. Highest infection was among patients within age group 20 to 29 years. However, age groups below 10 years recorded low infection. This study showed that age was a risk factor for acquiring intestinal parasite infection (P≤0.001).Original ResearchArticle Conclusion:Intestinal parasitic infections were recorded among patients who visited the Ho Teaching Hospital. However, most of the patients were infected with intestinal flagellates. Various stakeholders should provide advance techniques in laboratory investigation of stool samples to enhance accurate diagnosis. Sensitization of the public about the dangers of intestinal parasites should also be undertaken by the stakeholders

Evaluación del desempeño de dos pruebas para la detección de antígeno de Helicobacter pylori en heces / Evaluation of the accuracy of two stool antigen tests for Helicobacter pylori infection

Introducción: la detección de antígeno en heces se ha considerado una prueba prometedora para el diagnóstico de la infección por Helicobacter pylori. Para su introducción en la práctica médica, es un requisito indispensable demostrar el desempeño adecuado del método en la población de estudio. Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad diagnóstica de los sistemas comerciales ELISA SD y SD BIOLINE, del fabricante Standard Diagnostics, Corea, en pacientes cubanos con síntomas gastroduodenales. Métodos: se evaluaron 101 muestras de heces de pacientes previamente clasificados como H. pylori positivos y negativos por las pruebas de referencia de histología y prueba rápida de la ureasa. Se calcularon los parámetros de desempeño de ambos sistemas diagnósticos por el programa EPIDAT 3.1. Resultados: la sensibilidad para los sistemas ELISA SD y SD BIOLINE fue de 85,25 por ciento y 75,41 por ciento, respectivamente. La especificidad para ambos fue de 92,50 por ciento. Los valores predictivos positivos y negativos, los índices de validez y de Youden y la confiabilidad diagnóstica de ambas pruebas fueron satisfactorios. Conclusiones: Los sistemas evaluados exhibieron un desempeño comparable con la histología y la prueba rápida de ureasa para la detección activa de la infección por H. pylori, lo que demuestra su utilidad para el diagnóstico y el manejo oportuno del paciente, sin la necesidad de emplear pruebas invasivas(AU)

Introduction: stool antigen tests have been considered to be promising for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. For their incorporation into medical practice, it is indispensable to demonstrate their accuracy in a study population. Objective: evaluate the diagnostic capacity of the commercial systems ELISA SD and SD BIOLINE, Standards Diagnostics, Korea, in Cuban patients with gastroduodenal symptoms. Methods: an evaluation was conducted of 101 stool samples from patients previously classified as H. pylori positive and negative by reference histological tests and the rapid urease test. Estimation was made of performance parameters for both diagnostic systems using the software EPIDAT 3.1. Results: Sensitivity for the systems ELISA SD and SD BIOLINE was 85.25 percent and 75.41 percent, respectively. Specificity for both was 92.50 percent. Positive and negative predictive values, validity and Youden's indices, and diagnostic reliability were satisfactory for both tests. Conclusions: the systems evaluated were found to have a performance level comparable with histological tests and the rapid urease test for active detection of H. pylori infection. This confirms their usefulness for the diagnosis and timely management of patients without having to use invasive tests(AU)

Multiplex-Touchdown PCR to Simultaneously Detect Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis, the Major Causes of Traveler's Diarrhea

This study aimed to develop a multiplex-touchdown PCR method to simultaneously detect 3 species of protozoan parasites, i.e., Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis, the major causes of traveler’s diarrhea and are resistant to standard antimicrobial treatments. The target genes included the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein for C. parvum, Glutamate dehydrogenase for G. lamblia, and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) for C. cayetanensis. The sizes of the amplified fragments were 555, 188, and 400 bps, respectively. The multiplex-touchdown PCR protocol using a primer mixture simultaneously detected protozoa in human stools, and the amplified gene was detected in >1×10³ oocysts for C. parvum, >1×10⁴ cysts for G. lamblia, and >1 copy of the 18S rRNA gene for C. cayetanensis. Taken together, our protocol convincingly demonstrated the ability to simultaneously detect C. parvum, G. lamblia, and C. cayetanenesis in stool samples.

Detection of Hepatitis E Virus RNA in Chicken Droppings and Pig Feces in Ogun and Lagos States, South Western, Nigeria.

Background/Aim: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of sporadic and epidemic cases of enteric non-A non-B hepatitis in humans. It estimated that 14 million symptomatic cases of HEV infection, with 300,000 deaths and 5,200 stillbirths occur annually worldwide, with developing countries in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast and Central Asia, the Middle East, and northern and western parts of Africa being the most affected. This study was carried out to detect the presence of HEV RNA in commercial chicken and pigs in some parts of Ogun and Lagos states, South Western, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 550 fecal samples were collected from chicken and pigs in both states. HEV RNA was extracted from the fecal samples and amplified by nested-PCR. Gel electrophoresis was used to evaluate the nested-PCR products. Results: HEV RNA was detected in 10(1.8%) of the 550 samples. This comprised of 5(6.7%) positive from chicken droppings and 5(1.7%) from pigs feces. The result also showed that 3(4.3%) of chicken droppings collected from Ogun state were positive while there was no positive cases recorded in pig feces. Similarly 2(40%) of chicken droppings collected in Lagos state were positive while 5(1.7%) of pig feces were also positive. Conclusion: The detection of HEV among commercially available chicken and pigs poses a great economic danger to poultry farmers and a tremendous public health risk to consumers of pork meat in Nigeria.

Dust mites in a routine clinical stool sample

We report a case of dust mite carriage in a 56-year-old gentleman. Dust mites eggs and larvae were found in a stool sample which was taken for a routine clinical examination. He was completely asymptomatic with no history of rash, airway disease or other allergic manifestations associated with dust mites. We noticed that the oval structure of mite eggs resembled helminth eggs and therefore may be misidentified during routine clinical analysis. As the patient was otherwise healthy, it was concluded that no rigorous antiparasitic therapy was necessary to eliminate dust mites from his system.

Study of the effectiveness of paico (Chenopodium ambrosioides) as an anthelmintic, in specimens kept in captivity Home of Passage for Wildlife of the Amazonia University / Estudio de la eficacia del paico (Chenopodium ambrosioides) como antihelmíntico, en especímenes silvestres mantenidos en cautiverio en el Hogar de Paso de Fauna Silvestre de la Universidad de la Amazonía / Estudo da eficácia do “paico” (Chenopodium ambrosioides) como antihelmíntico, em espécies silvestres mantidas em cativeiro no Lar de Passo de Fauna Silvestre da “Universidad de la Amazônia” (Universidade do Amazonas”

For the development of the advanced research a therapeutic trial was carried out, which evaluated the effectiveness of paico (Chenopodium ambrosioides) as an anthelmintic in wild specimens kept in captivity in the foster home of the Amazonia University. The product was provided orally, in two equal doses with an interval of eight days. Due to its low palatability, it was supplied through liquefied or plant extract, mixed with the first day’s feed ration. From a descriptive statistical analysis of the results, it was found that paico has a 100% effective for the control of helminths in wild specimens kept in captivity.

Para el desarrollo de la investigación se adelantó un estudio terapéutico en el que se evaluó la efectividad del paico (Chenopodium ambrosioides) como antihelmíntico, en especímenes silvestres mantenidos en cautiverio en el hogar de paso de la Universidad de la Amazonía. El producto se suministró por vía oral, en dos dosis iguales con intervalode ocho días. Debido a su baja palatabilidad, su administración fue ofrecida a través de licuado o extracto de la planta, mezclado con la primera ración de alimento del día. A partir de un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los resultados se encontró que el paico presenta una efectividad del 100% para el control de helmintos en especímenes silvestres mantenidos en cautiverio.

Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi adiantado um estudo terapêutico no que se avaliou a efetividade do “paico” (Chenopodium ambrosioides) como antihelmíntico, em espécies silvestres mantidas em cativeiro no lar de passo da Universidade da Amazônia. O produto foi subministrado por via oral, em duas doses iguais com intervalo de oito dias. Devido a sua baixa palatabilidade, sua administração foi oferecida a través de líquido ou extrato da planta, misturado com a primeira ração de alimento do dia. A partir de uma análise estatística descritiva dos resultados se encontrou que o “paico” apresenta uma efetividade de 100% para o controle de helmintos em espécies silvestres mantidas em cativeiro.